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}} |image = Xi Jinping October 2013 (cropped).jpgborder |caption = Xi in October 2013 |office = General secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China |term_start = 15 November 2012 |term_end = |predecessor = Hu Jintao |successor = |office1 = President of the People's Republic of China |premier1 = Li Keqiang |vicepresident1 = Li Yuanchao |term_start1 = 14 March 2013 |term_end1 = |predecessor1 = Hu Jintao |successor1 = |office2 = Chairman of the Central Military Commission |deputy2 = Fan Changlong Xu Qiliang |term_start2 = 14 March 2013 15 November 2012 |term_end2 = |predecessor2 = Hu Jintao |successor2 = |office3 = Vice President of the People's Republic of China |vicepresident3 = Li Yuanchao |term_start3 = 14 March 2008 |term_end3 = 14 March 2013 |predecessor3 = Hu Jintao |successor3 = Li Keqiang |birth_date = |birth_place = Beijing, China |death_date = |death_place = |party = Communist Party of China |spouse = Ke Lingling (divorced) Peng Liyuan (m. 1987) |children = Xi Mingze (daughter) |residence = Zhongnanhai |alma_mater = Tsinghua University |signature = Xi Jinping sign.svg |footnotes = ---- ---- }} Xi Jinping ( , ; born 15 June 1953) is the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, the President of the People's Republic of China, and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission. As Xi holds the top offices of the party and the military, in addition to being the head of state through the office of president, he is sometimes informally referred to as China's "paramount leader". As general secretary, Xi is also an ex-officio member of the Politburo Standing Committee, China's top decision-making body. Son of communist veteran Xi Zhongxun, Xi Jinping rose through the ranks politically in China's coastal provinces. He served as the governor of Fujian between 1999 and 2002, then as governor and party secretary of the neighboring Zhejiang between 2002 and 2007. Following the dismissal of Chen Liangyu, Xi transferred to Shanghai as the party secretary for a brief period in 2007. Xi joined the Politburo standing committee and central secretariat in October 2007, and was Hu Jintao's successor. He served as vice-president, between 2008 and 2013. As Chairman of the CCP's Central Leading Group on Internet Security and Informatization, President Xi is the first PBSC-level cadre to personally take charge of policies related to the Internet, which the CCP regards as potentially subversive, but in regard to which he called Chinese and foreign Internet entrepreneurs to "jointly build a cyberspace of peace, security, openness and cooperation and an international Internet governance system of multilateralism, democracy and transparency". Since he took power in late 2012, a number of dissidents were arrested for allegedly spreading rumors or fomenting anti-party sentiments, namely that of the pro-democracy Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong. Xi has attempted to legitimize the authority of the Communist Party, introducing far-ranging measures to enforce party discipline and to ensure internal unity. Xi is now the leader of the People's Republic's fifth generation of leadership.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= deckblatt-ca-data sup-form.pdf )〕 Since assuming leadership he has significantly centralized institutional power by taking on a wide range of leadership positions himself, chairing the newly formed National Security Commission, and initiating an unprecedented and far-reaching campaign against corruption. Xi has called for further market economic reforms, for governing according to the law and for strengthening legal institutions, with an emphasis on individual and national aspirations under the neologism "Chinese Dream".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Xi Jinping calls for a Chinese dream, Daily Telegraph )〕 Xi has also championed a more assertive foreign policy, particularly in relation to Sino-Japanese relations, disputes in the South China Sea, involvement in Asian regional affairs, and initiatives related to energy and natural resources.〔 ==Early life and education== Xi Jinping was born on 15 June 1953 in Beijing. His father, Xi Zhongxun (1913–2002), was a Communist revolutionary figure. After the founding of the Communist state in 1949, Xi's father held a series of posts, including propaganda chief, vice-premier, and vice-chairman of the National People's Congress. Xi's father is from Fuping County, Shaanxi, and Xi could further trace his patrilineal descent from Xiying in Dengzhou, Henan. He is the second son of Xi Zhongxun and his wife Qi Xin. When Xi was 10, his father was purged and sent to work in a factory in Luoyang, Henan.〔Bouée, Charles-Edouard, (''China's Management Revolution: Spirit, Land, Energy'' ), (Palgrave Macmillan, 15 December 2010), p. 93; via Googlebooks. Retrieved 15 February 2012.〕 In May 1966, Xi's secondary education was cut short by the Cultural Revolution, when all secondary classes were halted for students to criticise and fight their teachers. Xi was 15 when his father was jailed in 1968 during the Cultural Revolution. Without the protection of his father, Xi went to work in Yanchuan County, Shaanxi, in 1969 in Mao Zedong's Down to the Countryside Movement. He later became the Party branch secretary of the production team. When he left in 1975, he was only 22 years old. When asked about this experience later by state television, Xi recalled it saying, "It was emotional. It was a mood. And when the ideals of the Cultural Revolution could not be realised, it proved an illusion." From 1975 to 1979, Xi studied chemical engineering at Beijing's prestigious Tsinghua University as a "Worker, Peasant, PLA" student (''gongnongbing xuesheng''). Science and engineering majors spent 80% of their time on learning practical subjects and working in factories, 15% of their time studying Marxism–Leninism–Mao Zedong thought and 5% of their time doing farm work and "learning from the People's Liberation Army". From 1998 to 2002, he studied Marxist philosophy and ideological education in an "on-the-job" postgraduate programme at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, again at Tsinghua University, and obtained a Doctor of Law (LLD) degree, which was a degree covering fields of law, politics, management, and revolutionary history, though commentators have questioned this qualification, pointing out a number of problems with it. From 1979 to 1982, Xi served as secretary for his father's former subordinate Geng Biao, the then vice premier and secretary-general of the Central Military Commission. This gained Xi some military background. In 1985, as part of a Chinese delegation to study American agriculture, he visited the town of Muscatine, Iowa.〔Associated Press, ("China's Vice-President revisits youth with a trip to the Midwest to meet farming family he stayed with on exchange trip" ), ''Daily Mail'', 15 February 2012.〕 This trip, and his stay with an American family, has been considered influential in how he views the United States.〔The Street, ("President Xi Slept Here: How a Trip to Iowa in 1985 Changed U.S.-China Relations" )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Xi Jinping」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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